Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41148491›Full record

SynthesisClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026

Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Isadora Mamede, Carlos Stecca, Gabriela Gazzoni, Ana Caroline Fonseca Alves, Fernanda Ronchi, Vinicius Ernani

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Isadora Mamede *Department of Medicine, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400 Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil. isamamede1@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7154-8692
Carlos Stecca *Department of Medical Oncology, Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Gabriela GazzoniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Ana Caroline Fonseca AlvesDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Domingos, São Luiz, MA, Brazil.
Fernanda RonchiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Vinicius ErnaniDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant ICIs in resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC following chemotherapy.

methodsWe searched Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and major oncology conferences for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing adjuvant ICIs with placebo/best supportive care. Outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Hazard ratios (HR) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

resultsThree RCTs (3401 patients) were analyzed. Adjuvant ICIs improved DFS (HR 0.85; p < 0.01) but not OS (HR 0.93; p = 0.43). DFS benefits were observed in subgroups of patients who received prior chemotherapy (HR 0.83), had non-squamous histology (HR 0.75), or had PD-L1 expression of 1-49% (HR 0.82). ICIs increased grade 3-4 (RR 1.42) and grade 5 adverse events (RR 2.33).

conclusionThis analysis supports the use of adjuvant ICIs in early-stage NSCLC, particularly in patients with non-squamous histology who have received prior adjuvant chemotherapy.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLung NeoplasmsChemotherapy, AdjuvantDisease-Free SurvivalHumansNeoplasm StagingRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsAdjuvant therapyDisease-free survivalImmunotherapyOverall survivalResected NSCLC

Identifiers

PMID41148491

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.