ArticleJournal of periodontal research2026
Progression of Furcation Involvement: A Multi-Center Cohort Study of Incidence, Timing, and Risk Factors.
Article in Journal of periodontal research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unsupervised phenotyping of the periodontal architecture through high-dimensional clustering of electronic health records: A multicenter study.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- A conceptual regeneration-maintenance decision aid for class II furcation involvement.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Review
- Impact of periodontal maintenance frequency on inflammatory and structural parameters: A propensity score-matched cohort study.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Article
- Progression of Furcation Involvement: A Multi-Center Cohort Study of Incidence, Timing, and Risk Factors.Journal of periodontal research · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
aimTo analyze the rate, timeline, and risk factors for furcation involvement (FI) progression using a large, multi-center electronic health record database.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 3924 patients with periodontitis and at least 1 year of follow-up from the BigMouth Dental Data Repository. Furcation progression (increase in the maximum recorded furcation grade for a given tooth during the follow-up period) was assessed at both the patient and tooth level. Time-to-event analysis at the patient level was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model to identify predictive factors. At the tooth level, the primary analysis was a multilevel Cox model, with a Fine-Gray competing risks model performed as a secondary analysis to assess the impact of tooth loss.
resultsOver a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, 57.1% of patients experienced furcation progression, with a median time to the first event of 3.6 years. A Cox proportional hazards model identified smoking as the factor most strongly correlated with progression, increasing the risk by 51% (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.51), followed by high blood pressure (HR: 1.25) and diabetes (HR: 1.24). At the tooth level, the initial furcation grade showed the strongest association with progression, increasing the hazard by 3.05 times for each unit increase.
conclusionFurcation involvement is a progressive event for a majority of patients diagnosed with periodontitis. The risk of progression is correlated with a combination of systemic factors and the patient's overall periodontal status, but the factor most strongly correlated with a tooth's future deterioration is its own initial furcation grade.
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