SynthesisPsychological medicine2025
Sleep dysregulation in ADHD children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Objective sleep parameters in children with nocturnal enuresis: a scoping review of polysomnographic evidence.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Tracing infant sleep neurophysiology longitudinally from 3 to 6 months: EEG insights into brain development.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Abnormalities in sleep metrics among ADHD children gradually garnered attention. However, whether significant differences existed in sleep metrics between ADHD children and their typically developing (TD) counterparts remained controversial, with inconsistent conclusions across studies. Furthermore, the potential moderating effects of age and gender on these differential patterns remained insufficiently characterized.
methodsThe current study systematically analyzed multimodal sleep monitoring data (polysomnography, actigraphy, electroencephalography, and questionnaires) from 34 articles spanning three decades (44 independent studies: 2,239 ADHD children vs. 57,181 TD children), focusing on core sleep metrics (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, awakening index, and stage shifts) and their complex moderating mechanisms.
resultsThe results demonstrated that ADHD children exhibited impaired sleep continuity (reduced total sleep time, increased stage shifts), severe sleep interruption (prolonged wake after sleep onset, elevated awakening index), and abnormal sleep process effectiveness (decreased sleep efficiency, extended sleep latency). Demographic analyses revealed that maturation exacerbated ADHD-related sleep deficits, and male ADHD children had more severe sleep problems than female ADHD children. Furthermore, the moderating effect of gender composition on the awakening index showed interaction effects with other sleep metrics. In addition, slow-wave sleep acted as both a moderator and mediator in group differences of the awakening index.
conclusionsThese findings provided novel neurodevelopmental explanations for sleep dysregulation in ADHD and proposed clinically translatable strategies involving gender-specific interventions and neuromodulation targeting slow-wave sleep.
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Registered trials
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