ArticleCureus2025
Beyond the Usual: A Rare Case of Tracheoesophageal Fistula.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an uncommon congenital abnormality, and double TEF is observed in less than 1% of all EA/TEF cases. Additionally, recurrence of EA with TEF in the offspring of affected individuals is also considered a rare condition. We present the case of an early-term infant with a paternal family history of EA/TEF who was diagnosed with EA and a distal TEF (type C EA/TEF), underwent primary repair and ligation, and was subsequently found to have a second proximal fistula (type D TEF). This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with double TEF and emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation in all EA/TEF presentations. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is essential to ensure all anatomical variants are identified and appropriately managed. Familial recurrence of isolated EA/TEF, while infrequent, should also be considered in clinical assessment and counseling.
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