Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41146717›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

Exploring the divergence of rare earth trade networks with a global simulation model.

Yawen Han, Peng Wang, Zhongju Liao, Linbin Tang, Wenjuan Song, Tianming Gao, Hongchang Hao, Wei-Qiang Chen

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Structural Mechanism of an Efficacy Photoswitch Targeting the βAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yawen HanSchool of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Peng WangState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1799 Jimei Road, Jimei District, Xiamen 361021, China.
Zhongju LiaoSchool of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Linbin TangState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1799 Jimei Road, Jimei District, Xiamen 361021, China.
Wenjuan SongSchool of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Tianming GaoResearch Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 26 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
Hongchang HaoResearch Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 26 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
Wei-Qiang ChenState Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1799 Jimei Road, Jimei District, Xiamen 361021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rare earths are critical to high-tech and low-carbon applications. To protect national interests, countries increasingly adopt geopolitical trade actions among rare earth supply chains. Here, this study combines a global simulation model with network analysis to reveal how trade barriers, coalitions, and liberalization could reshape international rare earth trade networks. Results show an increasingly reduced concentration of global trade patterns, which have divided into more regional groups. In particular, Japan, Malaysia, and several Asian countries have formed a community increasingly mediating China-U.S. trade. Scenario analysis highlights the different role of actions from major exporters in shaping global networks, and trade barriers would intensify regionalization tendency, while non-discriminatory coalitions and trade liberalization can encourage globalization. Our analysis underscores the necessity of broader cooperation for a resilient rare earth supply chain.

Indexed as

Earth sciencesEnergy policyNatural resourcesPolitical science

Identifiers

PMID41146717
PMCPMC12554209

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.