Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41146361›Full record

ArticleGlobal health research and policy2025

An updated definition of global health.

Kathryn H Jacobsen, Caryl E Waggett, Olusoji Adeyi, Walter Bruchhausen, Shahanaz Chowdhury, Patricia M Davidson, Ximena Garzón-Villalba, Lawrence O Gostin, Liz Grant, Philip J Landrigan and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Global health research and policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Kathryn H JacobsenDepartment of Health Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA. kjacobse@richmond.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-6246
Caryl E WaggettDepartment of Global Health Studies, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, USA.
Olusoji AdeyiResilient Health Systems, Washington, DC, USA.
Walter BruchhausenMedical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Shahanaz ChowdhuryDepartment of Community Medicine, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Patricia M DavidsonFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Ximena Garzón-VillalbaSchool of Public Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
Lawrence O GostinO'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Liz GrantCentre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Philip J LandriganGlobal Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
Hao LiSchool of Public Health/Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Mario C RaviglioneCentre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Nancy R ReynoldsSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nelson K SewankamboSchool of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Brittany SeymourSchool of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Keith W MartinConsortium of Universities for Global Health, Washington, DC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The most cited definition of global health, published in The Lancet in 2009, defines global health as "an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide". In this article, we propose an updated definition that expresses the motivations of diverse global health actors and makes One Health and sustainability more visible: "Global health is a field of academic study, research, policy, and applied practice that advances the equitable protection and improvement of population and planetary health". Our "5 Ps model" illustrates global health as a grid that places health for all at the center of two axes representing four domains: (1) People, (2) Planet, (3) Priorities, and (4) Policies and Practices. The people-planet axis spans from social, economic, political, and other systems that affect human health to complex worldwide challenges such as those related to globalization, migration, pandemics, and climate change. The priorities-policies/practices axis positions global health as an action-oriented field in which factors such as human rights, international law, the global burden of disease, and evidence of economic impact inform the financing, implementation, and evaluation of multisectoral partnerships and interventions. We propose using this updated definition and the 5 Ps framework to modernize discussions of the scope and purpose of global health.

Indexed as

Global HealthHealth PolicyHumansClimate changeGlobal healthHealth equityInternational cooperationInternational healthIntersectoral collaborationPublic healthSustainable development

Identifiers

PMID41146361
PMCPMC12560341

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.