ArticleTrials2025
Effect of sub-anesthetic dose of esketamine on oculocardiac reflex of pediatric strabismus surgery in total intravenous anesthesia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Trials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of Sub-Anesthetic Dose Esketamine on Oculocardiac Reflex in Children Undergoing Day-Case Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is the most common complication in pediatric strabismus surgery, and its main clinical manifestation is bradycardia. Esketamine can activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an indirect cardiovascular stimulation effect, which results in increased blood pressure and a faster heart rate. The aim of this study is to explore whether a sub-anesthetic dose of esketamine can effectively inhibit the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery.
methodThis prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blinded trial will enroll 204 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to esketamine (group S) and control groups (group C) in a 1:1 ratio. Esketamine (0.2 mg/kg) or an equal volume of normal saline will be administered after anesthesia induction. The OCR is defined as a sudden decrease in heart rate (HR) of 20% from baseline, and severe OCR will be defined as profound bradycardia (HR < 50 beats per minute). The primary outcome is the incidence of overall OCR during surgery. Secondary outcomes include severe OCR during all stages, the incidence of OCR at various stages of surgery, postoperative agitation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, procedure suspension frequency, and atropine administration requirements. DISCUSSION: The purpose of this study is to explore whether the administration of a sub-anesthetic dose of esketamine in pediatric strabismus surgery can reduce the incidence of OCR during surgery. The findings of this study may offer a new perspective and direct clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of OCR during the perioperative period.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400094053). Registered on 16 December 2024, www.chictr.org.cn . Prospectively registered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.