ArticleScientific reports2025
Exploring the predictive potentials of IL-1β and TNFR1 in atherogenic risk in prediabetes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Prediabetes is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) represents a crucial indicator of subclinical atherogenesis. This study evaluates the predictive roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in prediabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 treatment-naïve, non-smoking prediabetic patients recruited according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by turbidometry. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (RayBiotech, USA; TNFR1: Catalog # ELH-TNFR1, IL-1β: Catalog # ELH-IL1b). CRP, IL-1β, and TNFR1 were included in a binary logistic regression model to determine their predictive value for elevated AIP (> 0.24). The majority of patients (82.1%) had a high AIP (> 0.24). Patients with high AIP showed elevated levels of TNFR1 (358.07 ± 95.2 pg/mL), IL-1β (1.13 ± 0.86 pg/mL), and CRP (4.99 ± 2.80 mg/dL) compared to those with low AIP. Significant positive correlations were found between AIP and IL-1β (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001), TNFR1 (rs = 0.47, p < 0.001), and CRP (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that IL-1β alone explained 50.7% of the variance in high AIP (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.507). Adding TNFR1 marginally improved the model (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.541), while inclusion of CRP did not enhance predictive power (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.514). IL-1β was a significant independent predictor of elevated AIP (Step 1: B = 9.935, p = 0.004, OR = 20648.46). TNFR1 and CRP showed non-significant associations in the adjusted models. IL-1β is a robust predictor of atherogenic risk in prediabetic patients, strongly associated with elevated AIP and potentially serving as a key biomarker for early cardiovascular risk assessment. TNFR1 and CRP provide limited incremental predictive value beyond IL-1β. Targeting IL-1β-mediated inflammation may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate early atherosclerotic changes in prediabetes.
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