Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41145501›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Structural basis of apoptosis induction by the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel.

Melina Daniilidis, Umut Günsel, Georgios Broutzakis, Kira D Leitl, Robert Janowski, Kai Fredriksson, Dierk Niessing, Christos Gatsogiannis, Franz Hagn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Elliptical β-barrel deformation underlies gating in VDAC1.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. The two faces of mitochondrial CaJournal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. VDAC2: an emerging pivotal and multifaceted regulator in tumor biology.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Melina Daniilidis *Structural Membrane Biochemistry and Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-3325
Umut Günsel *Structural Membrane Biochemistry and Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-4826
Georgios BroutzakisInstitute for Medical Physics and Biophysics and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-4064
Kira D LeitlStructural Membrane Biochemistry and Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Robert JanowskiMolecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-2143
Kai FredrikssonStructural Membrane Biochemistry and Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Dierk NiessingMolecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-369X
Christos GatsogiannisInstitute for Medical Physics and Biophysics and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-4545
Franz HagnStructural Membrane Biochemistry and Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. franz.hagn@tum.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-459X

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 201302640Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 386797833Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 496113311Helmholtz Association VG-NG-1035
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main gateway for metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane. VDAC oligomers are connected to apoptosis induced by various stimuli. However, the mechanistic and structural basis of apoptosis induction by VDAC remains poorly understood. Here, using cryo-EM and NMR we show that VDAC1 oligomerization or confinement in small lipid nanodiscs triggers the exposure of its N-terminal α-helix (VDAC1-N) which becomes available for partner protein binding. NMR and X-ray crystallography data show that VDAC1-N forms a complex with the BH3 binding groove of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein BclxL. Biochemical assays demonstrate that VDAC1-N exhibits a pro-apoptotic function by promoting pore formation of the executor Bcl2 protein Bak via neutralization of BclxL. This mechanism is reminiscent of BH3-only sensitizer Bcl2 proteins that are efficient inducers of Bax/Bak-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and ultimately apoptosis. The VDAC pathway most likely responds to mitochondrial stress or damage.

Indexed as

ApoptosisMitochondriaVoltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1Voltage-Dependent Anion ChannelsAnimalsbcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Proteinbcl-X ProteinCryoelectron MicroscopyCrystallography, X-RayHumansMitochondrial MembranesModels, MolecularProtein BindingProtein MultimerizationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Proteinbcl-X ProteinProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2VDAC1 protein, humanVoltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels

Identifiers

PMID41145501
PMCPMC12559223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.