Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41144686›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

When islands collide: Divergence predicts outcomes of secondary contact during the fusion of Sulawesi's paleo-archipelago.

Benjamin R Karin, Jeffrey H Frederick, Amir Hamidy, Awal Riyanto, Evy Arida, Djoko T Iskandar, Indraneil Das, Adi Shabrani, Evan S H Quah, Todd R Jackman and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. When islands collide: Divergence predicts outcomes of secondary contact during the fusion of Sulawesi's paleo-archipelago.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Benjamin R KarinMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.ORCID 0000-0001-7936-7099
Jeffrey H FrederickMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.ORCID 0000-0001-5014-2507
Amir HamidyLaboratory of Herpetology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
Awal RiyantoLaboratory of Herpetology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-6887-9352
Evy AridaResearch Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0000-3675-4267
Djoko T IskandarSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
Indraneil DasInstitute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-9522-2228
Adi ShabraniInstitute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia.ORCID 0009-0004-3609-7323
Evan S H QuahInstitute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5357-1953
Todd R JackmanDepartment of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085.ORCID 0000-0002-5391-8136
Aaron M BauerDepartment of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085.ORCID 0000-0001-6839-8025
Jimmy A McGuireMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.ORCID 0000-0002-9562-5585

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE) IA010200-0708-0007NSF (NSF) DEB-1258185 DEB-1652988 DEB-1457845 DEB-0640967 DEB-0328700NSF (NSF) EF-1241885
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Speciation often results from the accumulation of reproductive isolation associated with lineage divergence, but secondary contact between diverged lineages can reshape the trajectory of speciation and reveal its underlying processes. The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is a tectonically complex island formed by the fusion of many paleo-islands, resulting in replicated cases of secondary contact among once-isolated lineages. Unlike secondary contact on continents where hybridization often results from unpredictable range shifts, Sulawesi's fauna presents a replicated set of geologically constrained natural experiments to test how the magnitude of evolutionary divergence predicts outcomes of secondary contact and hybridization. Using thousands of genome-wide loci from

Indexed as

Genetic SpeciationLizardsAnimalsBiological EvolutionBorneoHybridization, GeneticIndonesiaIslandsPhylogenyReproductive Isolationcharacter displacementlizardphylogenomicsspeciationWallace’s Line

Identifiers

PMID41144686
PMCPMC12625910

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.