Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41144529›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) in cohort of contact lens wearers in Jordan.

Wissam Ghach, May M Bakkar, Mona Aridi, Mohammad A Alebrahim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Wissam GhachDepartment of Public Health, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-2394
May M BakkarFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Mona AridiUniv Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, Angers, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-1577
Mohammad A AlebrahimFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-2663

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the symptomatic dry eye disease (DED) and its associated risk factors among contact lens wearers is crucial for clinicians to tailor effective interventions, enhance patient care, and prevent contact lens dropout. This study investigated symptomatic DED and its associated risk factors among a sample of contact lens wearers in Jordan. This cross-sectional study assessed symptomatic DED in a cohort of contact lens wearers in Jordan using an online survey distributed across various social media platforms. A total of 301 participants completed the survey, which included demographic and contact lens profile questions and the Arabic version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (ARB-OSDI) questionnaire. Statistical analyses explored the associations between OSDI scores, demographics, symptoms, visual-related functions affected by dryness, and triggers of dryness. Among the study population, 77.1% were females, 48.2% were aged 18-24 years old, and 24.87% were soft contact lens wearers. The mean OSDI score was 22.9 ± 17, with 70% showing mild-to-severe dry symptoms and 25% showing severe symptomatic DED. The ANOVA revealed a significant association between symptomatic DED, wearing face masks, longer contact lens age, and poor cleaning habits. The use of lubricant eye drops significantly reduced symptomatic DED with a mean OSDI score of 8.79. The most prevalent dryness symptoms were pain and blurred vision, affecting reading and TV watching in 50% of the population. Wind and air conditioning were the most common environmental triggers, reported by 67.8% and 66.4% of participants, respectively. A high proportion of symptomatic DED was reported in this study population. Wearing face masks, a longer contact lens age, and poor contact lens hygiene were correlated with exaggerated DED symptoms. Conversely, the use of lubricated eye drops reduces the symptoms of DED.

Indexed as

Contact LensesDry Eye SyndromesAdolescentAdultCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJordanLubricant Eye DropsMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultLubricant Eye Drops

Identifiers

PMID41144529
PMCPMC12558516

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.