ArticlePloS one2025
From theory to practice of designing for diversity: Applying intersectionality to improve HIV testing uptake.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- How and Why Telehealth Interventions Improve Self-Care Among Vulnerable Groups of Patients With Heart Failure: Scoping Review and Rapid Realist Synthesis.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Forty Years of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Iran: Achievements, Lessons and Future Directions.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
introductionGiven the critical perspective of intersectionality and its potential to identify the causes of inequalities, it has been employed increasingly in studies related to health. Despite the rich theoretical evidence about intersectionality, there is a need to consider this approach empirically. This study aimed to apply the intersectionality in practice for health policy makers and researchers seeking to reduce health inequalities. In this regard, we described the development of an intersectionality-based and context-specific intervention focusing on HIV testing uptake among Afghan immigrants in Iran.
methodsThis is an intervention development study. The intersectionality was used to design a peer-led intervention guided by the 2008 MRC framework. We undertook the following activities related to the three stages of the MRC framework: 1. Identifying the existing evidence (conducting a scoping review to investigate the application of intersectionality in designing and implementing health interventions; designing the checklist of applying the intersectionality in health interventions and programs); 2. Identifying and developing a program theory (conducting a realist review to identify why, how, and under what conditions peer interventions can improve HIV testing uptake among immigrants); and 3. Modeling process and outcomes (adapting the contextual factors identified by conducting a qualitative study and the realist review; extracting considerations regarding intersectionality principles using the checklist of applying the intersectionality in health interventions and programs; determining context specific, intersectionality-based and evidence-based intervention components for each of the intervention pathways).
resultsAccording to considerations regarding checklist of application of intersectionality principles, the intervention at the different individual, organizational, and policy levels with multiple strategies should be designed to respond to needs/conditions affecting HIV testing uptake among immigrants. We determined the peer-led intervention features to improve the use of HIV testing services in Afghan immigrants following the intersectionality principles, target group needs, and contextual conditions aiming to modify power structures. Intervention strategies included HIV information provision, support, community-based services, and structural interventions.
conclusionThis study provides a practical framework for health planners and researchers seeking to reduce inequalities by presenting how intersectionality can influence the design of a health intervention. Accordingly, it is necessary to revisit the social relationships and power structures, determine the intervention components based on evidence tailored to the target group's needs, and apply changes at different levels.
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