Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41144297›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical entomology2026

Toward comfortable mosquito-proof clothing: repellent- and insecticide-free fabrics that block bites across three disease-transmitting mosquito genera.

Eddie Hill, Maria J Della Rocca, Robyn Raban, Nicolas Herard, Antonio Esho, Monique S Sun, Rhodri T M Edwards, Nicholas Boechler, Omar S Akbari

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical entomology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Eddie HillDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3455-0874
Maria J Della RoccaDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Robyn RabanDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5648-6770
Nicolas HerardDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9835-7136
Antonio EshoDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Monique S SunDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Rhodri T M EdwardsDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nicholas BoechlerDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Omar S AkbariDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6853-9884

Funding

HOPE Training GrantT32AI007384 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Sara Gianella Weibel, Scott L Letendre · 1990 to 2026
$9.7M
The olfactory basis of locating nectar sugar sources in Aedes aegypti mosquitoesR01AI148300 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Omar Sultan Akbari, Ronald Jason Pitts · 2021 to 2026
$4.1M
Olfactory modulation of color vision and behavior in mosquitoesR01AI175152 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Omar Sultan Akbari, Jeffrey A Riffell · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
Precision guided SIT for the control of vector-borne diseaseR01AI151004 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI AKBARI, OMAR SULTAN · 2020 to 2024
$2.3M
E.H. AI007384NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148300NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI151004NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI175152NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007384NIH HHS R01AI151004NIH HHS RO1AI148300NIH HHS RO1AI175152 awarded to O.S.A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mosquito-borne disease and nuisance biting from mosquitoes have severe health and economic consequences. Conventional fabrics are typically not effective at providing protection against mosquito bites, and fabrics treated with repellents and/or insecticides are limited by rising insecticide resistance, risk of significant dermatologic and neurologic side effects, and decreased efficacy with washing and time. The goal of this study was to identify commercially available, repellent/insecticide-free, comfortable fabrics that block bites from three genera of mosquitoes that are known to transmit dangerous infectious diseases with widespread distribution: Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex. To do this, we evaluated fabrics from Ripstop By the Roll LLC in a step-wise series of mouse blood-feeding and behavioral bioassays. Out of 88 fabrics, 53 were found to be blood-feed-proof. These fabrics were more likely to have a higher areal weight density (AWD) and a polyurethane coating than blood-feed-susceptible fabrics. Of the six most comfortable fabrics by subjective hand-feel testing, five were definitively bite-proof during behavioral bioassays. These five fabrics varied substantially in AWD, thickness, finish/coating, and fiber pattern. None of them had a polyurethane coating. Three of them were breathable, making them appropriate for active-wear clothing. Overall, the bite-proof fabrics identified in this study have the potential to significantly reduce mosquito biting and the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases.

Indexed as

AedesAnophelesCulexCulicidaeInsect Bites and StingsInsect RepellentsMosquito ControlProtective ClothingTextilesAnimalsFemaleMiceInsect Repellentsbite-proof clothingmosquito-borne diseasespersonal protectionripstop fabricsvector control

Identifiers

PMID41144297
PMCPMC12823275

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.