ReviewDiscover oncology2025
Microenvironmental regulation and remodeling of breast cancer angiogenesis: from basic mechanisms to clinical therapeutic implications.
Review in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated Cytokine, Metabolic, and Proliferative Profiling Reveals Divergent Metabolic and Proliferative Responses in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Distinct biological and molecular characteristics of breast cancer in young women: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Article
- The tumor microenvironment: a dynamic ecosystem and therapeutic nexus in modern oncology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tanshinone IIA inhibits malignant progression in a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model by attenuating tissue factor-mediated angiogenesis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in breast cancer drivers of immune suppression and targets for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a pivotal process in breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis, intricately regulated by complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). While the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway represents a cornerstone of these pro-angiogenic mechanisms, resistance to anti-VEGF therapies is common, underscoring the involvement of alternative pathways. Key insights reveal that hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, and stromal components including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) and immune cells, cooperate to drive aberrant angiogenesis and treatment resistance. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on the multifaceted regulation of angiogenesis by endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, immune cells, and stromal components in shaping the angiogenic landscape, and discusses innovative therapeutic strategies. These include hypoxia-targeted agents, immune modulation, and combination therapies that co-target compensatory pathways. We emphasize that overcoming resistance requires integrated approaches that remodel the TME rather than solely inhibiting VEGF. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical trials and translational opportunities aimed at improving outcomes and reducing metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.