Trial reportInternational ophthalmology2025
Long-term efficacy of three treatments for severe MGD: a comparative study in Chinese patients.
Trial report in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Intense pulsed light as a multi-target intervention paradigm for refractory ocular surface diseases: a review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate and compare the long-term efficacy of manual meibomian gland expression (MGX), intense pulsed light combine with MGX (IPL+MGX), and LipiFlow in treating severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in Chinese patients.
methodsIn this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 95 patients with severe MGD were assigned to MGX (n = 33), IPL+MGX (n = 31), or LipiFlow (n = 31) groups. Clinical parameters-including Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test (SIT), meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), and meibography score-were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.
resultsAll treatments significantly improved ocular symptoms and signs from baseline. IPL+MGX group achieved the most consistent and sustained improvement in OSDI and NIBUT throughout follow-up. LLT increased in all groups, peaking at 3 months and remaining elevated at 6 months, with no significant intergroup differences. CFS scores improved across all groups, with IPL+MGX and MGX showing faster early recovery. SIT remained unchanged, suggesting improvements stemmed primarily from lipid layer enhancement. Meibography scores showed minimal change.
conclusionMGX, IPL+MGX, and LipiFlow were all effective in improving signs and symptoms in severe MGD. IPL+MGX provide the most consistent long-term benefits in stabilizing tear film and alleviating symptoms.. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment strategies based on MGD severity and patient factors.
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Registered trials
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