Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41143862›Full record

ArticleAge and ageing2025

Overactive bladder medications and risk of emergency hospital admissions with delirium in adults without dementia: self-controlled case series.

Kathryn Richardson, Irene Petersen, Katharina Mattishent, Oby Otu Enwo, Nick Steel, Duncan Edwards, Jalesh N Panicker, Stuart Irving, Christopher Fox, Louise Robinson and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. PIEZO1-mediated mechanosensation links aging to bladder dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kathryn RichardsonNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0741-8413
Irene PetersenDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
Katharina MattishentNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Oby Otu EnwoNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Nick SteelNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Duncan EdwardsDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jalesh N PanickerDepartment of Uro-Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Stuart IrvingNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Christopher FoxUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Louise RobinsonPopulation Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Yoon Kong LokeNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9109-2307

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsWe examined whether anticholinergic overactive bladder (OAB) medications are associated with emergency hospital admissions with delirium in adults without dementia.

settingEngland's primary care linked to inpatient records.

methodsThe source population comprised 215 293 adults initiating anticholinergic OAB medications (e.g. oxybutynin, solifenacin and tolterodine) during July 2010-December 2019 when aged ≥50 years, without dementia, severe mental illness or <12 months registration. We conducted self-controlled case-series including 1831 men and 1954 women with emergency hospital admissions with delirium. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated in risk periods during 6 months before and 12 months after initiating OAB medications, adjusted for time-varying age, separately in men and women.

resultsThe risk of delirium admissions was elevated for the first 1-30 days of prescriptions [IRR 1.54 (95% CI 1.30-1.82) for men, 1.44 (1.22-1.70) for women] and whilst reducing over time for women [1.10 (0.94-1.29) for 91-365 days of prescriptions], it remained elevated for men [1.38 (1.17-1.64)]. There was some evidence of greater delirium IRRs in older men and men initiating higher dosages. In secondary analysis of 502 adults initiating mirabegron (non-anticholinergic beta-3 receptor agonist), the delirium IRRs during the first 1-30 and 31-90 days of prescriptions were 1.15 (0.76-1.75) and 0.72 (0.47-1.09).

conclusionWe observed increased hospital admission rates with delirium for adults without dementia whilst prescribed OAB anticholinergics, but not whilst prescribed mirabegron. Delirium risk remained raised for longer for men and was greater in older men. Alternative management options for OAB in older people should be considered before prescribing anticholinergic medications.

Indexed as

Cholinergic AntagonistsDeliriumEmergency Service, HospitalUrinary Bladder, OveractiveAgedAged, 80 and overEnglandFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsCholinergic Antagonistsanticholinergicantimuscarinicdementiamedication useolder peopleoveractive bladderpharmacoepidemiologyself-controlled case series

Identifiers

PMID41143862
PMCPMC12558043

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.