ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Analysis of risk factors for major adverse cardiac events in patients with multiple myeloma.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To identify risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to evaluate the performance of an external risk-score-based stratification. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 newly diagnosed MM patients treated at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital (2017-2023). Baseline demographics, comorbidities, laboratory and echocardiographic indices, and treatment exposures were collected. MACE (heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, malignant arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, or cardiac sudden death) were adjudicated during therapy. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. An externally derived 0-4 point cardiovascular risk score was applied and patients were grouped as low (0-1), intermediate (2), or high (3-4) risk. Results: MACE occurred in 31/162 patients (19.14%). Independent risk factors included age at diagnosis (OR = 1.059 per year), cigarette smoking (OR = 3.652), anthracycline exposure (OR = 5.850), and ISS stage III (OR = 2.593; 95% CI: 1.108-6.067; all Conclusion: Age, smoking, anthracycline use, and ISS stage III independently predict MACE in MM. External risk-score stratification demonstrates a clear gradient of risk but only modest discrimination, underscoring the need for prospective validation and optimization (e.g., integrating disease stage and treatment exposures). These findings support proactive cardio-oncology assessment and tailored therapy-particularly in older, smoking, ISS III, and anthracycline-treated patients.
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