ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2025
Immunotherapy-Based Strategies versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and the Impact of Treatment Duration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Microvascular Invasion: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) is associated with high recurrence risk after curative resection. While adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown potential in improving outcomes, there is no consensus on their optimal duration, and the comparative effectiveness versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 399 patients with microvascular invasion-positive hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative resection between 2017 and 2024. Patients receiving adjuvant ICIs or TACE were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust baseline differences. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS); overall survival (OS) was assessed as a secondary endpoint. Subgroup analysis evaluated the impact of ICI treatment duration. Results: Among 399 patients, 132 received TACE alone, and 129 received ICI-based therapy. Median RFS was significantly longer in the ICI group than in the TACE group (35 months vs 16 months; HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.72; p = 0.00015). After PSM, ICI remained associated with improved RFS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.82; p = 0.0042), while the OS difference was not statistically significant. In the ICI subgroup, treatment duration ≥12 months was associated with superior RFS (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21-0.99; p = 0.041). Conclusion: Among patients with HCC and MVI following curative resection, adjuvant ICIs therapy provides a significant recurrence-free survival advantage over TACE. Treatment durations shorter than 12 months may be insufficient, supporting the benefit of prolonged therapy.
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