Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41142903›Full record

ReviewPatterns (New York, N.Y.)2025

Toward large reasoning models: A survey of reinforced reasoning with large language models.

Fengli Xu, Qianyue Hao, Chenyang Shao, Zefang Zong, Yu Li, Jingwei Wang, Yunke Zhang, Jingyi Wang, Xiaochong Lan, Jiahui Gong and 10 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Patterns (New York, N.Y.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Active inference and artificial reasoning.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Polymer-Agent: Large Language Model Agent for Polymer Design.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Fengli XuTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Qianyue HaoTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Chenyang ShaoTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zefang ZongTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yu LiTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jingwei WangTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yunke ZhangTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jingyi WangTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xiaochong LanTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jiahui GongTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Tianjian OuyangTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Fanjin MengTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yuwei YanHKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China.
Qinglong YangTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yiwen SongTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Sijian RenTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xinyuan HuEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jie FengTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Chen GaoTsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yong LiTsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Language has long been an essential tool for human reasoning. The rise of large language models (LLMs) has led to research on their application in complex reasoning tasks. Researchers are exploring the concept of "thought," which represents intermediate reasoning steps, allowing LLMs to emulate humanlike reasoning processes. Recent work has applied reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLMs by searching for high-quality reasoning trajectories through trial-and-error exploration. In parallel, studies also demonstrate that allowing LLMs to "think" with longer chains of intermediate tokens at test time can also substantially improve reasoning accuracy. The combination of training and test-time advancements outlines a path toward large reasoning models. This survey reviews recent progress in LLM reasoning. It covers foundational concepts behind LLMs and the key technical components that contribute to the development of large reasoning models, and it highlights popular open-source projects for building these models. The survey concludes by discussing ongoing challenges and future research directions in this field.

Indexed as

large language modelLLMLLM reasoningneural scaling lawreinforcement learning

Identifiers

PMID41142903
PMCPMC12546433

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.