Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41142667›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025

Comparison of survey questions to define long COVID: Implications for prevalence and disparities.

Jana L Hirschtick, Elizabeth Slocum, Blair Whittington, Michael R Elliott, Sameera Ahmed, Nancy L Fleischer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jana L HirschtickAdvocate Aurora Research Institute, Advocate Health, 945 N. 12 Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States of America.
Elizabeth SlocumDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
Blair WhittingtonDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
Michael R ElliottDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
Sameera AhmedMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, 320 S. Walnut Street, Lansing, MI 48933, United States of America.
Nancy L FleischerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To understand whether variation in survey-based Long COVID estimates is partially due to how and when survey questions are asked. Methods: We compared Long COVID prevalence using distinct questions within a population-based, longitudinal survey of adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 before June 2022 in Michigan. Results: In our sample ( Conclusion: Surveys should employ several questions to define Long COVID and interpret findings within the context of factors likely contributing to discrepancies, including reinfection, stigma, awareness, and care-seeking behaviors.

Indexed as

Health disparitiesPopulation-basedPost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2Post COVID conditionSurvey methodology

Identifiers

PMID41142667
PMCPMC12547177

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.