Articlenpj biomedical innovations2025
A 3D spheroid model for assessing nanocarrier-based drug delivery to solid tumors.
Article in npj biomedical innovations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- New approach methodologies in nanomedicine: bridging the gap betweenChemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Organoids as a Model to Understand Tumor Microenvironment-Driven Nano-Bio Interactions - A Framework Towards Improved Nanomedicine Translation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reversible Microfluidic Platform for Spheroid Culturing, Downstream Characterization, and Dynamic Anticancer Susceptibility Testing.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- New approach methodologies for next-generation risk assessment of nanomaterials and nano-enabled products.Nano convergence · 2026Review
- Balancing stromal-induced complexity in 3D ovarian cancer models through heterotypic co-culture with fibroblasts or architected micro-scaffolds.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers: transformable and bioinspired nanomedicine strategies for deep tumor penetration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- From 2D cultures to 3D systems: evolving cancer models at the interface of functional precision medicine and theranostics.Theranostics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
3D spheroid culture has emerged as a valuable tool for studying complex intratumoral processes and screening novel therapeutics in vitro. However, spheroids face reproducibility and data interpretation issues, which limit their utility. This work describes a simple and reproducible co-culture spheroid model compatible with high-throughput screening designed to study pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly therapy-resistant cancer. These spheroids, composed of both cancer and stromal cells, recapitulate key features of PDAC which are difficult to study in traditional 2D cell culture, including hypoxia, fibrosis and chemoresistance. Light sheet microscopy is used to study the tissue penetration of polymeric Pluronic® F127-polydopamine (PluPDA) nanocarriers (NCs) in this model while showing that confocal microscopy is not suitable for such studies and should be avoided. Additionally, the efficacy of PluPDA NCs loaded with the chemotherapeutic SN-38 is demonstrated in 3D, justifying their advancement to in vivo trials. Finally, the methodology is extended to generate lung adenocarcinoma spheroids, showcasing the versatility of this approach. Overall, this research is intended to serve as a robust platform for studying NCs under physiologically relevant conditions, ultimately resulting in a more efficient clinical translation pathway for nanomaterials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.