ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Ru Complex-Functionalized Au Nanospheres for Suppressing Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Photothermal Therapy Combined with Chemotherapy Using Nanoplatforms.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Application Advances of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: From Physicochemical Mechanisms to Multifunctional Nanoplatforms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The clinical translation of ruthenium complexes as alternatives to platinum-based drugs is hindered by insufficient tumor targeting and limited therapeutic efficacy. Although nanodrug delivery systems (NDDS) offer potential solutions, existing Ru platforms often fail to integrate multi-modal therapeutic mechanisms effectively. This study aimed to construct a tumor-targeted Ru-Au nanoplatform, KKS-Ru@AuNPs, that synergizes Ru-based chemotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) to suppress tumor growth and metastasis simultaneously. Methods: The KKS-Ru@AuNPs system was developed by conjugating arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide-modified Ru complexes with Au nanospheres. The nanoscale properties of KKS-Ru@AuNPs were characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle size-measuring techniques. The photothermal performance of the KKS-Ru@AuNP system was assessed using near-infrared irradiation assays utilizing an infrared thermal imaging device. Additionally, anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated in an A549 xenograft mouse model, and tumor-targeting efficiency was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The KKS-Ru@AuNPs exhibited nanospherical morphology, with nanospheres having a diameter of ~75 nm. Compared with AuNPs, KKS-Ru@AuNPs exhibited enhanced stability and superior photothermal conversion efficiency. Under in vitro conditions with irradiation using an 808 nm laser, the KKS-Ru@AuNPs exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects. In vivo studies revealed that KKS-Ru@AuNPs achieve greater tumor accumulation than that achieved by AuNPs. The synergistic therapeutic effect of KKS-Ru@AuNPs was evidenced by an 84.6% reduction in tumor weight and a 46% decrease in the number of lung metastatic nodules. Conclusion: This study established a Ru-based NDDS by integrating active targeting, chemotherapy, and PTT into a single platform, overcoming the limitations of conventional monotherapeutic approaches. However, challenges persist in terms of long-term biosafety due to hepatic Au accumulation and tumor heterogeneity-dependent targeting efficiency. Future studies should focus on degradable carrier designs and multi-omics mechanistic analysis to promote clinical applicability of Ru-based NDDSs.
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