ReviewFrontiers in neurology2025
Perioperative changes in inflammatory biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing surgical interventions.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Engineered IL1R1-CD3 Tregs modulate neuroimmune responses and attenuate neuropathic pain in a rat CCI model.Immunologic research · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a very painful neurological condition with unilateral and electric shock-like pain attacks. The accurate diagnosis of the disease is of extreme importance for the determination of subsequent therapeutic strategies and clinical management. Surgical interventions including peripheral neurectomy, microvascular decompression (MVD), percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and stereotaxic radiosurgery (SRS) are options for refractory patients. The utilization of proper perioperative biomarkers in serum, CSF and saliva may help in tracking the safety, efficacy and prognosis after surgical treatments. This narrative review aimed to identify potential inflammatory biomarkers that reflected perioperative changes in clinical practice and explored contributions of inflammation to pathogenesis of the disease. A total of 142 records and 95 clinical trials were identified through structured literature search and underwent subsequent selection with inclusion and exclusion criteria. We summarize relevant literature of current clinical and laboratory findings of the alterations in inflammatory biomarkers in patients with TN before and after the surgical interventions to find out biomarkers for clinical use. We then discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms based on the results from animal models for a better understanding of the role of inflammation in TN and future directions for clinical trials and basic research. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-ɑ reached high levels in serum, CSF or saliva specimens from TN patients, which could be reversed by PBC, but not always by MVD. The elevated preoperative level of TRAIL was reversable by MVD, but the elevated preoperative level of TNF-
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