ArticleACS omega2025
Effect of Entrapped and Free Calcium Hydroxyapatite Particles on Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Calcium Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogels.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantitative Assessment of Hydrogel Printability in Extrusion Bioprinting.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Modulating rheology and bioactivity in dermal fillers: the emerging role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are intensely studied for biomedical and cosmeceutical applications where a polymer matrix is cross-linked to incorporate therapeutic molecules or particles and injected to achieve drug delivery, tissue regeneration, skin wound healing, etc. However, to realize these potential applications, a deeper understanding of rheological and viscoelastic behaviors of the hydrogel systems and matrix-particle interactions is required for future formula optimization and product development. To fill this gap, in the present work, we prepared chemically cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and incorporated calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) particles to fabricate HA-CaHA hydrogel composites. CaHA fillers were integrated into the HA network before or after the cross-linking reactions to create either entrapped (before cross-linking) or free (after cross-linking) particles, and the resultant specimens were analyzed with various rheological tests to investigate their effects on the viscoelasticity, creep recovery, yield stress, and flow behaviors of the overall HA-CaHA hydrogel composites. To the best of our knowledge, the preparation of biopolymer-based injectable hydrogels incorporating both entrapped CaHA and free CaHA particles has not been reported by far. The present work not only provides a systematic rheological profile of HA-CaHA injectable hydrogels but also investigates the influence of two types of CaHA particles on the overall viscoelastic and rheological properties of the hydrogel system. The results will present crucial information to support future optimizations in hydrogel design, biomaterial selection, and structural analysis for various wet soft materials with promising biomedical and cosmaceutical applications.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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