Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41141543›Full record

ArticleKidney international reports2025

GDF-15 and uEGF Independently Associate With CKD Progression in Children.

Julia Bartels, Mansoureh Tabatabaeifar, Marietta Kirchner, Karolis Azukaitis, Anke Doyon, Aysun Bayazit, Ali Düzova, Nur Canpolat, Ipek Kaplan Bulut, Lukasz Obrycki and 19 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney international reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Julia BartelsDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mansoureh TabatabaeifarDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Marietta KirchnerInstitute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Karolis AzukaitisClinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Anke DoyonDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Aysun BayazitDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
Ali DüzovaDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Nur CanpolatIstanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Ipek Kaplan BulutEge University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye.
Lukasz ObryckiDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Bruno RanchinPediatric Nephrology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Rukshana ShroffDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Francesca LuganiDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Istituto Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Cengiz CandanGöztepe Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Jerome HarambatDepartment of Pediatrics, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
Harika AlpayDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Mieczyslaw LitwinDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Augustina JankauskieneClinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Günter KlausDepartment of General Pediatrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
Dorota DrozdzDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Giovanni MontiniFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.
Aleksandra ZurowskaDepartment Pediatrics, Nephrology & Hypertension, Medical University Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Alberto Caldas AfonsoCentro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Elke WühlDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Anette MelkDepartment of Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Uwe QuerfeldCharité Children's Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
Otto MehlsDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Franz SchaeferDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
4C Study and ESCAPE Trial Consortia

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, there is limited ability to predict the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Previously we reported that low levels of urinary epidermal growth factor (uEGF) predict CKD progression in children. In the present study, we investigated a novel serum biomarker, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), in 2 European pediatric CKD cohorts. We additionally explored the combined effect of GDF-15 and/or uEGF on CKD progression in children. Methods: The association between serum GDF-15 levels and CKD progression was analyzed in 671 patients of the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD (4C) study, aged 6 to 17 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 10 to 60 ml/min per 1.73 m Results: Higher GDF-15 levels were associated with an increased risk of CKD progression (hazard ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.77), independent of age, sex, baseline eGFR, proteinuria, and systolic blood pressure. Whereas adding either GDF-15 or uEGF individually to a model containing these variables improved model fit, combining both markers improved the model further. External validation in the ESCAPE cohort confirmed these results. Conclusion: Serum GDF-15 and urine EGF levels may provide complementary information on the risk of CKD progression in children and might be included in future prognostic biomarker panels aimed at personalized, risk-stratified management of pediatric CKD.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseaseCKD progressionepidermal growth factorgrowth differentiation factor 15pediatric CKD

Identifiers

PMID41141543
PMCPMC12545905

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