ReviewCureus2025
Management of Chronic Uncontrolled Diabetes With Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to pose a significant global health burden. Acute complications of diabetes are life-threatening conditions: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). DKA predominantly affects young and type 1 diabetic patients. It is characterized by metabolic acidosis and ketonemia. Older patients with type 2 diabetes are at a greater risk of developing HHS, which is marked by profound hyperglycaemia and hyperosmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. This review highlights the integrative approach needed for effective management. Since both conditions share certain common features, it is important to distinguish between them and initiate appropriate treatment, including prompt fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, and electrolyte correction. Identification and treatment of precipitating factors is vital. Post-acute care strategies include medical stabilization as well as long-term behavioral modifications, like structured diabetes education, psychosocial support, and implementation of technology-driven interventions (continuous glucose monitoring and telemedicine) to reduce recurrence. HHS has up to 20% higher mortality due to delayed diagnosis and comorbidities, while DKA's acute fatality remains comparatively lower at 1-5%. Therefore, early identification, aggressive management, and coordinated long-term follow-up are essential. A shift from episodic care to proactive, patient-centered disease management may significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with chronic diabetes.
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Registered trials
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