ArticleCureus2025
Long-Standing Rheumatoid Arthritis With Elevated Epstein-Barr Virus IgG Titers: A Case Report From India.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been proposed as an environmental trigger contributing to RA pathogenesis. Previous studies in India have shown that sera from early RA patients react to deiminated proteins encoded by EBV, with antibodies such as anti-viral citrullinated peptide (anti-VCP) and anti-EBNA-1 present exclusively in RA patients, suggesting a role for EBV in inducing disease-specific antibodies. Globally, RA patients demonstrate elevated antibodies against multiple EBV proteins, including VCA, EA, EBNA-1, and EBNA-2, independent of disease duration, activity, or treatment, and possess increased numbers of circulating EBV-infected B cells. Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that these antibodies, particularly anti-citrullinated collagen type II (CII) antibodies, may contribute to immune self-perpetuation and joint pathology. We report a 62-year-old woman with a 20-year history of seropositive RA, clinically stable on methotrexate and tofacitinib, who exhibited persistently elevated EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG titers (>750 U/mL), with asymptomatic trace proteinuria and microscopic haematuria. No RA flare or EBV reactivation was observed. This case provides region-specific evidence from India that complements prior studies, illustrating that EBV seropositivity persists in long-standing RA and may continue to contribute to disease-specific humoral responses. These findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies and advanced viral assays to clarify the role of EBV-related markers in RA pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.