ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Longitudinal association of breakfast and midnight snacks with depressive symptoms in China multi-ethnic adolescents.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clustering of Unhealthy Diets, Inflammation Levels, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Breakfast Consumption, Sleep Duration and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Association between breakfast frequency, community space environment, and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional study of Chinese adolescents.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have suggested a link between dietary behavior and adolescent depressive symptoms, but longitudinal data are scarce. This study examines the longitudinal association of breakfast and midnight snacks consumption with depressive symptoms among multi-ethnic adolescents in China. Methods: From October 2022 to October 2024, 1,693 middle school students (52.3% females) from Yunnan Province participated in five follow-up surveys (T1-T5) conducted every six months. Breakfast and midnight snacks consumption were assessed using questionnaires, and depressive symptoms were measured using Children's Depression Inventory. The latent growth curve model was analyzed using Mplus software to assess the potential growth trajectories of breakfast days, midnight snacks days, and depressive symptom scores across five time points. The generalized estimation equation model was applied to examine the association between the number of breakfast and midnight snacks days and depressive symptom scores. Two models were established: Model 1 was unadjusted, without controlling any variables; Model 2 was adjusted for demographic variables and other potential confounders influencing depressive symptoms. A restricted cubic spline analysis was used to examine the relationship between the number of breakfast days per week, midnight snacks days per week, and depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 26.3% at T1 to 37.3% at T5 ( Discussion: Skipping breakfast and eating midnight snacks are related to depressive symptoms in multi-ethnic Chinese adolescents. Addressing unhealthy eating behaviors is critical for preventing and mitigating adolescent depressive symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.