ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Developing emotional intelligence and counseling self-efficacy in clinical pastoral education in healthcare settings: a multicenter pre-post study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) and counseling self-efficacy (CSE) are essential qualities for healthcare chaplains who support individuals experiencing emotional and spiritual distress. Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) serves as the primary clinical learning environment for developing EI and counseling skills within spiritual care practice. While limited research suggests CPE's positive effects on personal and professional development, existing studies have methodological limitations. This study addressed these gaps by using validated instruments within a multicenter, pretest-posttest design. We investigated changes in EI and CSE during CPE, explored predictive factors, and examined the relationship between changes in EI and CSE among CPE students participating in their initial CPE unit (i.e., interns) and those in CPE residency programs (i.e., residents). Methods: We used the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test and the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales to assess changes in EI and CSE. Students at ACPE-accredited CPE centers across the United States completed pre- and post-training surveys, along with mid-residency surveys for residents. Statistical analyses evaluated changes over time, compared interns and residents, and explored relationships between EI and CSE. Linear regression models identified significant predictors of pre-to-post changes. Results: Our sample included 196 participants (mean age = 45.08 years; 47.4% female) from 29 accredited CPE centers, representing 9.6% of all centers across the United States. Most participants (95.9%) completed their training in healthcare settings. Significant increases in EI and CSE were observed among both CPE interns and residents ( Conclusion: This study demonstrates that participants' EI and CSE significantly increased during their clinical education. The results show a strong relationship between EI and CSE development, suggesting that EI growth contributes to increased confidence in counseling abilities. The findings support CPE's effectiveness in fostering essential skills for spiritual care providers, regardless of delivery modality or participant demographics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.