Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41140541›Full record

ArticleNPJ clean air2025

Further improvement in London's air quality demands more than the Ultra Low Emission Zone policy.

Chengxu Tong, Yuqing Dai, Matthew Cole, Robert J R Elliott, Suzanne E Bartington, Bowen Liu, Zongbo Shi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ clean air, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chengxu TongSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Yuqing DaiSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Matthew ColeDepartment of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Robert J R ElliottDepartment of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Suzanne E BartingtonDepartment of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Bowen LiuDepartment of Management, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Zongbo ShiSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 227150
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traffic emission is one of the most important sources of urban air pollution. Low emission zone (LEZ) is a flagship policy intervention to reduce urban emissions in many parts of the world. However, it is challenging to evaluate the effectiveness of such policies, with different methods resulting in several times in discrepancies. Here, we employed a causal framework to quantify the effects of Ultra-LEZ (ULEZ, 2019, central London) and its city-wide expansion (2023) on air quality in London. We found that the 2019 ULEZ led to 19.6% and 8.2% (~13.3 and 2.7 µg m

Indexed as

Climate-change policyEnvironmental economicsEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental social sciences

Identifiers

PMID41140541
PMCPMC12545172

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.