ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2025
Short-term variations in summer temperatures and mental health-related emergency department visits in Ontario, Canada.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: The acute effects of summer temperatures on mental health are not yet fully understood, particularly with respect to potential effect modifiers. Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study to examine the association between daily variations in summer ambient and apparent temperatures and the risk of emergency department (ED) visits for mental health outcomes Ontario, Canada, from 2004 and 2019. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per 5 °C increase in ambient or apparent temperature, adjusting for potential time-varying confounders including PM Results: Three-day mean ambient temperature was associated with an increased risk of ED visits for all mental health outcomes combined (OR = 1.022; 95% CI: 1.017, 1.027). This association persisted after adjustment for outdoor air pollutants (OR = 1.019; 95% CI: 1.014, 1.025). Three-day mean ambient temperatures were most strongly associated with disorders due to psychoactive substance use (OR = 1.043; 95% CI: 1.032, 1.054). Social deprivation modified the strength of observed associations (interaction Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the risk of ED visits for mental health outcomes is greater at higher summer temperatures, especially for disorders due to psychoactive substance use and among those most socially deprived.
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