ArticleHospital pediatrics2025
Association of Financial Distress With Nonmedical Out-of-Pocket Expenses in Those With Critical Illness.
Article in Hospital pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFinancial distress related to critical illness worsens clinical outcomes and is affected by objective financial difficulty or subjective perception of financial distress. Sources of financial distress include nonmedical out-of-pocket expenses (NOPEs; eg, food), but their impact on perceived financial distress is poorly understood, especially in pediatric critical care. We examine the association among overall NOPEs, their components, and perceived financial distress in families with children who have a critical illness.
methodsThis was a single-site cross-sectional survey (conducted from September 2021 to August2022) of caregivers of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Perceived financial condition was measured by the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being tool and categorized as high (1.0-4.0), average (4.1-6.9), or low (≥7.0) distress. NOPEs included costs of transportation, food, childcare, and housing, reported as proportions of weekly income. We used ordinal logistic regression to examine the relationship between NOPEs and perceived financial distress.
resultsA total of 332 families were approached, and 279 provided consent (84%); 149 families returned surveys (53%). A total of 30% of families reported high distress, 45% reported average distress, and 25% reported low distress. Median proportion of total NOPEs relative to income was 34.7% for families with high distress, 12.7% for those with average distress, and 5.2% for those with low distress. The odds of increased financial distress was associated with the proportion of weekly income spent on total NOPEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and on food (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.44).
conclusionsIn this PICU population, proportions of weekly income spent on total NOPEs and, separately, on food were associated with perceived financial distress. Potential policy interventions could target reducing the burden of NOPEs to mitigate financial distress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.