SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025
The Effect of Kefir Consumption on Blood Pressure and C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Kefir Consumption on Blood Pressure and C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Dairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kefir Consumption and Health Effects Based on Human Clinical Trials: An Overview of Literature.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Eastern European Fermented Foods: Nutritional Value, Functional Potential, and Cultural Heritage.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKefir, a traditional fermented milk beverage, has been increasingly promoted for its various health benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the effects of kefir on blood pressure and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
methodsA literature search was conducted using databases such as ISI Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed for articles published until January 2025, with no restrictions. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for all key outcome measures. The inverse-variance weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsA total of seven RCTs, comprising 385 subjects, were included in the meta-analysis. We involved RCTs conducted on adult participants (over 18 years old). These studies generally administered kefir for at least 2 weeks and compared the outcomes to those in the control group. The findings showed that kefir consumption had no significant impact on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -1.76 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.21, 1.69; p = 0.317), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.19 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.40, 1.03; p = 0.295) or CRP levels (WMD: -0.17 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.84, 0.49; p = 0.609) compared to those who did not consume kefir. However, subgroup analysis indicated that CRP levels significantly decreased with longer durations of kefir consumption (≥ 8 weeks).
conclusionKefir consumption in adults did not result in significant reductions in systolic or diastolic blood pressure or CRP levels. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that long-term kefir consumption may improve CRP levels over time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.