Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41138490›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics sonochemistry2025

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extracts to be utilized as a sustainable ingredient for the development of functional tea.

Hassan Raza, Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Samran Khalid, Muhammad Usman Khalid, Kashmala Chaudhary, Shehnshah Zafar, Ahmad Mujtaba Noman, Ahmad Raza, Helen Onyeaka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Food science & nutrition · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hassan RazaFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: sh.raza40@yahoo.com.
Muhammad Tauseef SultanFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: tauseefsultan@bzu.edu.pk.
Samran KhalidFood Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America. Electronic address: samrankhalid08@gmail.com.
Muhammad Usman KhalidFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: usmanchbzu@gmail.com.
Kashmala ChaudharyNational Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. Electronic address: kashmalach2913@gmail.com.
Shehnshah ZafarFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: shah8942123@gmail.com.
Ahmad Mujtaba NomanFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: ahmadmujtaba493@gmail.com.
Ahmad RazaFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: ahmadraza.fst@gmail.com.
Helen OnyeakaSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address: H.onyeaka@bham.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower is gaining attention for their rich nutritional and functional profile, positioning them as promising ingredients for health-oriented functional foods and beverages. However, limited studies have explored their direct application in functional foods and beverages. This study addresses that gap by assessing the nutritional composition, antioxidant potential, and incorporation of H. rosa-sinensis flower extract as a sustainable ingredient in clean-label functional tea formulations. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (20  kHz, 40 °C, 30  min; 1:20 solvent ratio) using various solvents was employed to obtain flower extracts. Functional teas formulations were developed by replacing green tea with flower extract at 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % levels. Nutritional analysis of H. rosa-sinensis flower revealed high carbohydrate content (61.50 ± 1.18 %) and ash (3.71 ± 0.29 %), with calcium (1218 ± 26  mg/100  g), and potassium (1109 ± 40  mg/100  g) as dominant minerals. The H. rosa-sinensis flower extract exhibited strong antioxidant properties with total phenolic content (TPC) of 781.77 ± 4.66  mg GAE/100  g, DPPH inhibition activity of 84.72 ± 2.48 %, ABTS activity of 90.01 ± 2.32 %, and FRAP activity of 1654.4 ± 15.62  µg Fe/100  g. In tea formulations, the highest TPC and FRAP activity were in the control that was 100% green tea (429.98 ± 5.16  mg GAE/100  g, 1759.0 ± 4.48  µg Fe/100 g), while 75 % H. rosa-sinensis extract containing functional tea showed the highest DPPH inhibition activity of 70.05 ± 1.48 %, and ABTS activity of 71.79 ± 1.54 %. The sensory analysis indicated that the 50 % H. rosa-sinensis extract containing functional tea had the highest acceptability and optimal color attributes. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups (O-H, C=C), indicating abundant polyphenols and flavonoids. Overall, H. rosa-sinensis flower demonstrated excellent potential as sustainable ingredient for functional food and beverages development, offering improved antioxidant benefits and appealing sensory properties.

Indexed as

Chemical FractionationFlowersHibiscusPlant ExtractsTeaUltrasonic WavesAntioxidantsAntioxidantsPlant ExtractsTeaAntioxidantsFunctional teaHibiscus rosa-sinensisSustainable extractsUltrasound assisted extraction

Identifiers

PMID41138490
PMCPMC12594926

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.