Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41137434›Full record

SynthesisAnnals of medicine2025

Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among cardiac surgery patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sogand Sarmadi, Neda Sanaie, Akbar Zare-Kaseb

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sogand SarmadiStudent Research Committee, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0009-0008-2219-0817
Neda SanaieAssistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-1813-0853
Akbar Zare-KasebStudent Research Committee, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-0014-7104

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFrailty is common among cardiac surgery patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Previous reviews have been limited by outdated searches, narrow surgical populations, or reliance on a single assessment tool. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty and identify associated risk factors in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

methodWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to March 1, 2025. Eligible studies reporting frailty prevalence in patients undergoing CABG, valvular surgery, or heart transplantation were included. Intervention studies, reviews, editorials, case series, and transcatheter procedures were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random-effects meta-analysis provided pooled prevalence and risk factor estimates.

resultsSeventy-eight studies (

conclusionsFrailty impacts nearly one-third of cardiac surgery patients and is associated with several, partly modifiable factors. Preoperative screening using validated tools and focused management of modifiable risks could enhance perioperative outcomes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251015280.

Indexed as

Cardiac Surgical ProceduresFrailtyAgedFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSex Factorscardiac surgeryfrailtymeta-analysisPrevalencerisk factorssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41137434
PMCPMC12557830

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.