Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41136959›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2025

An evaluation of virtual supervision effectiveness within department of veterans affairs (VA) health professionals training programs.

Linda M Kawentel, John P Donnelly, Kaylee W Burgan, Gezan M Yahya, Joanna S Doredla, Jessica L Johnson, Kimberly Falco, Marjorie A Bowman, John Byrne, Nicholas W Bowersox

Abstract readMulticenter StudyEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Linda M KawentelVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Linda.Kawentel@va.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-7950
John P DonnellyVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kaylee W BurganVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1680-652X
Gezan M YahyaVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9756-3197
Joanna S DoredlaVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jessica L JohnsonVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kimberly FalcoVA Office of Academic Affiliations, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, D.C, USA.
Marjorie A BowmanVA Office of Academic Affiliations, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, D.C, USA.
John ByrneVA Office of Academic Affiliations, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, D.C, USA.
Nicholas W BowersoxVA QUERI Center for Evaluation and Implementation Resources (CEIR), Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-4326

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited information exists on whether virtual training is equivalent to traditional in-person training in supporting the development of clinical providers.

methodsA multi-site evaluation using survey methods was conducted with a multidisciplinary group of health professions trainees and supervisors within the Veterans Health Administration to assess the equivalence of two supervision modalities – exclusively in-person supervision and supervision incorporating at least some virtual supervision – on trainee clinical competency development, trainee preparedness to respond to patient emergencies, and effective trainee/supervisor working relationships.

resultsTrainees who experienced some virtual supervision rated their clinical competency levels as higher than trainees with only in-person supervision on competencies related to patient care, knowledge for practice, interpersonal and communication skills, practice-based learning and improvement, and systems-based practice. This trainee group also rated their level of preparation to respond to patient emergencies and several aspects of their supervisory working relationship more highly than in-person only trainees. Compared to those providing only in-person supervision, supervisors conducting some virtual supervision also rated their trainees as having higher levels of clinical competency on patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and systems-based practice, as well as higher preparedness to respond to patient emergencies. Challenges and benefits to virtual supervision were also noted, though most trainees and supervisors who had participated in virtual supervision held a positive view of this modality.

conclusionsThese data constitute the first evaluation of the equivalency of some virtual and in-person only supervision in supporting trainee skill development and supervisory working relationships based on feedback from trainees and supervisors across multiple clinical disciplines.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceHealth PersonnelFemaleHumansMaleProgram EvaluationUnited StatesUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsHealth professions educationProgram evaluationTelesupervisionVeteransVirtual training

Identifiers

PMID41136959
PMCPMC12551159

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.