Identifying cortical and subcortical contributions to anticipatory postural adjustments preceding arm reaching movements in standing humans.

Cassandra Russell, Paul Stapley, Jonathan Shemmell

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Experimental brain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Cassandra RussellNeuromotor Adaptation Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

Paul StapleyFaculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

Jonathan ShemmellNeuromotor Adaptation Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. shemmell@uow.edu.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are generally understood to be cortically driven, however there is some evidence to suggest subcortical regulation and contribution. We tested the hypothesis that subcortical pathways, if contributing, would be evidenced in increased late portions of the motor evoked potential (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation during different time intervals before and during the APA. Recordings from both the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles showed little evidence for this throughout the course of the APA, pointing instead to a generally cortical source for the APA. Despite this, the brainstem did not appear inactive, with MEPs elicited during voluntary contraction of the soleus being significantly smaller than those elicited prior to executing an APA- specifically during the later portion of the MEP, thought reflective of subcortical contribution. Further work to isolate specific brainstem upregulation and contribution is needed.

Indexed as

Anticipation, PsychologicalArmEvoked Potentials, MotorMotor CortexPostural BalancePosturePsychomotor PerformanceStanding PositionAdultElectromyographyFemaleHumansMaleMovementMuscle, SkeletalTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAnticipatory postural adjustmentBrainstemCorticalPostureSubcorticalTriceps surae

Identifiers

PMID41136855

DOI10.1007/s00221-025-07178-6

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.