ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026
Perineal Body Anatomy in Primiparas Assessed by Three-Dimensional Endovaginal and Endoanal Ultrasound: A Reliability Study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transperineal ultrasound-based outcomes of postpartum pelvic floor recovery after elective cesarean section versus vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Severity of perineal tears and deviations in perineal body anatomy: A three-dimensional ultrasound study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisThe integrity of the perineal body (PB) is essential for pelvic floor function. Anatomical deviations in the PB anatomy after childbirth can lead to pelvic floor symptoms, but the reliability of ultrasound assessments for these deviations is unclear. This study evaluates the intra- and inter-rater reliability of detecting deviations in the muscles fusing into the PB and measuring its size using three-dimensional endovaginal (3D EVUS) and endoanal ultrasound (3D EAUS) 1 year postpartum.
methodsForty primiparous women underwent 3D EVUS and 3D EAUS 1 year after birth. The transverse perineal, puboperinealis, and puboanalis muscles were identified where they fuse into the PB. Deviations were defined as discontinuities in or absence of muscle fibers on the right, left, or center. Measurements of PB height, length, and area were taken in the mid-sagittal plane. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for muscle deviations were assessed using percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa, while PB size measurements were evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient.
resultsKappa values indicated excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability for the transverse perineal muscle (κ = 0.881, κ = 0.871) and puboperinealis muscle (κ = 0.849, κ = 0.810) in 3D EVUS. For the puboanalis muscle, intra-rater reliability was excellent (κ = 1.00) and inter-rater reliability was good (κ = 0.658). Similar kappa values were found using 3D EAUS. Percentage agreement for deviations ranged from 90% to 100% for both ultrasound methods. PB measurement also showed good to excellent reliability: 0.76-0.97 for 3D EVUS and 0.90-0.99 for 3D EAUS.
conclusion3D EVUS and 3D EAUS are reliable methods for assessing PB muscle deviations and its size 1 year postpartum.
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Registered trials
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