Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41136590›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Green synthesis and functional evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles from red dragon fruit peel.

Devi-Nair Gunasegavan Rathi, Norazalina Saad, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Aswir Abd Rashed, Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Devi-Nair Gunasegavan RathiNanomaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Norazalina SaadLaboratory of Cancer Research UPM-MAKNA (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Norhaizan Mohd EsaDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Aswir Abd RashedNutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam, 40170, Malaysia.
Mohd Fairulnizal Md NohNutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam, 40170, Malaysia.
Che Azurahanim Che AbdullahNanomaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. azurahanim@upm.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using red dragon fruit peel extract (RDPE) as a biogenic reducing and stabilizing agent, this paper presents an inexpensive, eco-friendly and simple biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). These biogenic materials are non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and incur minimal costs compared to chemical approaches. The successful biosynthesis of ZnONPs was confirmed using several characterization tests, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, a Taguchi experimental design was employed to optimize the synthesis conditions, resulting in nine formulations that incorporated the effects of two zinc salt precursors (acetate and nitrate). Among these, acetate-derived ZnONPs produced the desired hydrodynamic size (203.97 ± 1.53 nm) and best colloidal stability (zeta potential: - 29.4 ± 0.89 mV) with formulation AR7. The hexagonal wurtzite phase with a crystallite size of 18.00 ± 5.32 nm was verified by X-ray diffraction. FTIR spectra showed the presence of phytochemical functional groups in charge of capping and reduction. FESEM revealed unique flower-like morphology, with an average particle size of 45.85 ± 4.64 nm, proving the efficacy of AR7 as the optimal formulation. The antimicrobial activity tests revealed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.50-5.00 µg/mL against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans; while an IC

Indexed as

FruitGreen Chemistry TechnologyMetal NanoparticlesPlant ExtractsPlectranthusZinc OxideAnti-Bacterial AgentsCactaceaeCandida albicansEscherichia coliMicrobial Sensitivity TestsParticle SizeSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredStaphylococcus aureusX-Ray DiffractionAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlant ExtractsZinc OxideBiogenic synthesisBiomedicalDragon fruit peelNanoparticlesWasteZinc oxide

Identifiers

PMID41136590
PMCPMC12552426

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.