ArticleRMD open2025
Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of the parotid gland in Sjögren's disease: a promising tool towards precision medicine.
Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sjögren's Disease-Associated Parotid MALT Lymphoma: Diagnostic Pitfall of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisappointing outcomes in Sjögren's disease (SjD) trials underscore the need for reliable, sensitive endpoints. Histological assessment holds promise, but a minimally invasive, repeatable method for salivary gland tissue sampling is lacking.
objectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, safety and tissue adequacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-guided CNB) of the parotid gland and explore its role for facilitating histology-driven stratification and precision medicine.
methodsIn the Belgian Sjögren's Syndrome Transition Trial, 66 patients (64 without gland swelling) underwent US-guided CNB. US was evaluated using OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials). and Hocevar scoring. Histopathology included assessment of focus score, B cell predominance (CD20>CD3), follicular dendritic cell networks (CD21), plasma cells (CD138), lymphoepithelial lesions (CK7/CK14) and FcRL4+ B cells. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Findings were matched with clinical data.
resultsMean VAS pain scores were 2.7 (SD=2.77) during biopsy and 1.9 (SD=2.33) in the 3 days before the follow-up call at day 14. No major complications occurred, and 82% of patients were willing to repeat the procedure. Adequate tissue was retrieved in 62/66 cases. Patients showed histological heterogeneity and were, as proof of concept, stratified into mild, moderate and severe histological involvement. Histological severity correlated with ultrasound scores (p<0.01) and not with traditional outcome measures (European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Sjögren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index dryness and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index).
conclusionUS-guided CNB is safe, well-tolerated and yields adequate tissue. Beyond diagnostics, it might facilitate histology-driven patient stratification and advance precision medicine for SjD.
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