Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41135970›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of sports medicine2025

Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for upper extremity injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and/or girl Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus.

Emily E Heming, Eric S Gibson, Kenzie B Friesen, Chelsea L Martin, Maitland Martin, Martin Asker, Cheri Blauwet, Garrett S Bullock, Hilde Fredriksen, Jean-Michel Galarneau and 11 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Emily E HemingSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3973-880X
Eric S GibsonSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-0045
Kenzie B FriesenCanadian Centre for Rural and Agriculture Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-9629
Chelsea L MartinUNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-6705
Maitland MartinSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-4567
Martin AskerDepartment of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-3572
Cheri BlauwetDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation; Spaulding Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-1009
Garrett S BullockDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Hilde FredriksenOslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Jean-Michel GalarneauSport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-8753
K Alix HaydenLibraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0057-1327
Jae Hyung LeeCheongdam REON Orthopaedic clinic, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Andrea Britt MoslerLa Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University-Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-2583
Grethe MyklebustOslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Babette M PluimSection Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-8980
Jane S ThorntonUniversity of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-7101
Jackie L WhittakerDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4976
Rod WhiteleyAspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Doha, Qatar.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-6228
Kay M CrossleyLa Trobe University-Bundoora Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-129X
Merete MøllerOslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-0399
Carolyn A EmerySport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada caemery@ucalgary.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-6691

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine injury prevention strategies and potentially modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for upper extremity (UE) injuries in female, woman and/or girl athletes (female/woman/girl).

designSystematic review with meta-analysis, semiquantitative analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), APA PsycINFO (American Psychological Association Psychological Information Database), SPORTDiscus (Sports Discus Database), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) (30 October 2023) and Cochrane Systematic Review Database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (25 November 2023). ELIGIBILITY: Primary data studies with comparison group(s) assessing the association of prevention strategies and/or MRFs for sport-related UE injury, with ≥1 female/woman/girl in each study group.

results55 studies (n=20 intervention, n=35 MRF) were included with 33 228 athletes (8642 female/woman/girl; 26%). Of these, 17 (31%) reported female/woman/girl-specific estimates and included five injury locations (n=3 general UE, n=12 shoulder, n=3 elbow, n=3 wrist/hand). One prevention strategy (n=5 shoulder-specific exercise programmes) and seven MRFs were identified, including less range of motion (n=6), less shoulder muscle strength (n=8), high training load (n=1), presence of scapular dyskinesis (n=3), high sport specialisation (n=2), equipment differences (n=1) and less sport-specific conditioning (n=1). Pooled data from three studies suggest that shoulder exercise programmes consisting of strength, stability/control and sport-specific exercises reduce shoulder injury rates by 51% (95% CI 0.30 to 079; I

conclusionsOur understanding of female/woman/girl UE injury prevention is limited by heterogeneity across injury outcomes, interventions, MRFs and limited female/woman/girl athlete-specific data. Shoulder-specific strengthening and stability exercise programmes may be beneficial to reduce shoulder injury rates in female/woman/girl handball and volleyball players. Future research should prioritise female/woman/girl athletes to reduce the burden of UE injuries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42024494967.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesUpper ExtremityConsensus Statements as TopicFemaleHumansRisk FactorsAthletic InjuriesFemaleShoulderUpper extremity

Identifiers

PMID41135970
PMCPMC12703339

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.