ReviewJournal of sport and health science2025
Human development and gender inequality are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness: A global systematic review of V̇O
Review in Journal of sport and health science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk, yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined, particularly in females and underrepresented populations. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake (V̇O
methodsStudies were eligible if V̇O
resultsData included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores, comprising 119,435 adults (42% females) with V̇O
conclusionGlobal variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality. These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion. Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.
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