Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41134510›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2025

Assessment of the backscattered skin dose from the beam stopper on Halcyon and Ethos radiotherapy systems.

Linda Lankinen, Jouko Lehtomäki, Ari Harju, Magdalena Constantin, Taoran Li

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Linda LankinenVarian Medical Systems, A Siemens Healthineers Company, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-1070
Jouko LehtomäkiVarian Medical Systems, A Siemens Healthineers Company, Helsinki, Finland.
Ari HarjuVarian Medical Systems, A Siemens Healthineers Company, Helsinki, Finland.
Magdalena ConstantinVarian Medical Systems, A Siemens Healthineers Company, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Taoran LiVarian Medical Systems, A Siemens Healthineers Company, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe backscatter contribution from the beam stopper to the exit-side skin dose on the Halcyon and Ethos radiotherapy systems has not been studied, and this contribution cannot be separated by experimental methods. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess how the beam backscatter from the beam stopper contributes to the exit-side skin dose.

methodsThe beam stopper and a simplified model of the bore and MV imager were implemented in a validated Monte Carlo model of Halcyon and Ethos radiotherapy systems. To analyze the worst-case scenarios of the backscatter, the largest field size was used, and the dose deposition in a water phantom was calculated with four different phantom setups, varying the distance from the bore and the beam stopper. The backscatter contribution to the dose was isolated, and the spectral properties of the backscattered photons were analyzed for one phantom setup.

resultsThe depth dose curves and the separated backscatter contribution were presented, with a maximum backscatter contribution of 2% of the local dose at the exit-side skin dose observed when the phantom was closest to the bore and the beam stopper.

conclusionsThe backscatter contribution to the skin dose was found to be minimal, even with the largest field size and the phantom positioned extremely close to the bore.

Indexed as

Particle AcceleratorsPhantoms, ImagingRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedScattering, RadiationSkinHumansMonte Carlo MethodOrgans at RiskPhotonsRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy, Intensity-Modulatedbackscatterbeam stopperEthosHalcyonMonte Carloradiotherapyskin dose

Identifiers

PMID41134510
PMCPMC12551592

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.