ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Neuro-immune-tumor axis in gliomas: a review of mechanisms, models, and translational opportunities.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cancer Neuroscience: From Local Neuro-Immune Microenvironments to Systemic Brain-Body Circuitry.MedComm · 2026Review
- The neural stem cell‑NSCLC axis: Molecular drivers, microenvironment crosstalk and emerging therapies (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Systemic and local dysregulation of the complement system in glioma: a comprehensive systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Neural regulation in lung cancer: from mechanisms to new therapeutic perspectives.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Neural regulation of tumor immunity: emerging opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming and Neurotransmitter Signaling Co-Option in the Glioma Immune Microenvironment: Dual-Axis Regulation of Immunosuppression.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Neurotransmitters in cancer: how receptor signaling and posttranslational modifications modulate tumor progression and offer new therapeutic targets.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Neuro-glioma activity-dependent growth mechanisms: an actionable circuit from NLGN3-ADAM10 to AMPA synapses.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Brain Cancer: Molecular Alterations and Emerging Trends in Neuropharmacology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Single-cell multi-omic integration analysis prioritizes druggable genes and reveals cell-type-specific causal effects in glioblastomagenesis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Nootropic Supplements in Sports: Enhancing Cognitive and Physical Performance Simultaneously.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma as a neuro-immune network disorder: rethinking the tumor microenvironment, neural circuit integration, and therapeutic resistance.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroimmuno-oncology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that explores the complex interactions among the nervous system, the immune system, and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have underscored the critical role of neurons in gliomas, where synaptic signaling and the release of neurotrophic factors contribute not only to tumor progression but also to mechanisms of immune evasion. Neurotransmitters such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), along with neuron-derived factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), have been shown to modulate immune cell function and promote the formation of an immunosuppressive TME. In particular, neuronal electrical activity mediated through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling facilitates immune escape in glioma cells, leading to the development of an "immune-excluded" phenotype that compromises the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therapeutic strategies that combine AMPAR antagonists with immune checkpoint inhibitors-alongside neuromodulatory techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or deep brain stimulation (DBS)-hold potential to reprogram the neuro-immune-tumor axis, remodel the immune landscape, and improve immunotherapy responses in central nervous system malignancies. Advancing our understanding of how neuronal activity regulates the glioma immune microenvironment may open new avenues for precision-targeted therapeutic approaches in neuro-oncology.
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