Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41132456›Full record

ReviewMissouri medicine

Nonphysician Unsupervised Practice of Medicine: Examining the Evidence.

Rebekah Bernard

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Missouri medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Rebekah BernardPractices at Gulf Coast Direct Primary Care in Fort Myers, Florida, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical school graduates must complete extensive supervised residency training before practicing independently. In contrast, many states allow nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) to engage in the unsupervised practice of medicine (UPM) with significantly less clinical experience. Despite decades of such legislation, data on safety, quality, and outcomes remain limited. This article reviews current evidence evaluating nonphysician UPM, finding that most studies used to support UPM legislation involve physician oversight, low-risk patients, or measure minor outcomes. Recent data suggest higher costs, increased resource use, and potential safety concerns when NPs and PAs practice independently. Malpractice trends further underscore the need for caution. Robust, high-quality research is urgently needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of nonphysician UPM.

Indexed as

Nurse PractitionersPhysician AssistantsHumansUnited States

Identifiers

PMID41132456
PMCPMC12543343

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.