Awareness, knowledge, and willingness about early detection of bladder cancer in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In 2020, there were 573,278 new cases of bladder cancer globally, and this figure is projected to quadruple by 2040, according to World Health Organization forecasts. However, the level of bladder cancer awareness in the Saudi population remains unknown. Therefore, this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study aimed to assess knowledge about bladder cancer, its risk factors, and its presenting signs and symptoms in the Saudi population, as well as perceptions related to early detection particularly in the absence of routine screening recommendations, as timely presentation and diagnosis are essential for optimal care and quality of life. Methods: It obtained data via a questionnaire, which included questions on demographic characteristics such as sex, age, education, marital status, and employment, as well as health information, including smoking habits, bladder cancer diagnosis, and familial history of bladder cancer. It also contained questions assessing knowledge and awareness of bladder cancer, including its signs, symptoms, and risk factors, as well as willingness to undergo early detection. Results: Among 410 respondents, 43.9% were previously unaware of bladder cancer before this study. They exhibited minimal awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer. While most recognized that bladder cancer is curable, most were unaware that it can be preventable. However, 21% stated they would decline early detection if it were offered. Nonetheless, most expressed willingness to acquire more knowledge about bladder cancer early detection. There was also a significant association between lack of awareness and low educational and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: These findings reveal that citizens in Saudi Arabia have inadequate awareness about bladder cancer, including its symptoms and risk factors.