Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41132191›Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2025

The Association Between Dry Eye Disease Symptoms, Digital Device Types, and Screen Distance Among Health Science Students: A Survey-Based Study.

Ragad Allwihan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ragad AllwihanCollege of Science and Health Professions King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-4947

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Electronic devices play a significant role in enhancing the educational experience for students, including those in the health sciences. However, the misuse and overuse of electronic devices can lead to vision health problems. This study aims to investigate the relationship between electronic device types, electronic device screen distance, and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms in female medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 260 female health sciences students at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSUA-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who voluntarily participated online between October 2022 and January 2023. We collected data on electronic device variables and DED symptoms. Result: Of the 260 participants, 60% ( Conclusion: The short screen distance of electronic devices has a significant impact on increasing the DED symptoms among female healthcare students who use electronic devices in Saudi Arabia. This study provides insight into the use of electronic devices to improve diagnostic and preventive strategies for DED symptoms.

Indexed as

dry eye disease (DED)electronic devices typefemale studentshealth sciences studentsscreen distancesymptoms

Identifiers

PMID41132191
PMCPMC12541128

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.