Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41131990›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology and immunology2026

Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Seasonal Influenza Split HA Vaccines Involved With Changes of Vaccine Strains Using Mouse and Human Sera.

Kayoko Sato, Noriko Shimasaki, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Haruna Nishijima, Tomoko Kuwahara, Yusuke Nakai, Keiko Murano, Hideki Asanuma, Shinji Watanabe, Yuichi Harada and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology and immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kayoko SatoDepartment of Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7755-1551
Noriko ShimasakiInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Seiichiro FujisakiInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Haruna NishijimaInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Tomoko KuwaharaCenter for Public Health Action in Applied Epidemiology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Yusuke NakaiInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Keiko MuranoInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Hideki AsanumaInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Shinji WatanabeInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuichi HaradaInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Akihide RyoDepartment of Bioinformatics and Integrative Omics, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Masato TashiroInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Shigeyuki ItamuraInfluenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

This study was partially supported by a grant-in-aid (Numbers 22fk0108649j0501 and 24mk0121291j0301) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 20K04826 and 24K01043).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Seasonal influenza is prevalent every winter, and influenza vaccines are used to safeguard public health. As the influenza vaccines are produced in embryonated hen eggs using vaccine viruses recommended by the World Health Organization each year based on the epidemic situation, it is important, from the perspective of public health, to evaluate the reactivity of the vaccines against circulating viruses in humans. This study was designed to determine whether evaluating influenza vaccine efficacy using mouse sera could help predict efficacy in humans. The split hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines, produced using vaccine viruses for the 2023/2024 season, were inoculated into ddY and BALB/c mice, and their neutralizing reactivity to circulating influenza viruses was evaluated using their antisera. The titers of antibodies against these viruses in the antisera from humans immunized with the split HA vaccine were also measured. The vaccines induced the production of functional vaccine-specific antibodies dose-dependently. In the case of circulating viruses, the neutralizing antibodies in the sera of immunized individuals were able to react to most the test viruses, but they were less reactive to some viruses. The titers of neutralizing antibodies against these circulating strains in the antisera from humans immunized with the split HA vaccine for the 2023/2024 season were similar to those in the mouse antisera. Furthermore, intraperitoneal inoculation in ddY mice induced antibody production with higher neutralizing titers than subcutaneous inoculation in BALB/c mice. Taken together, the immunization protocol using naive mice could be a suitable method for predicting vaccine efficacy in humans.

Indexed as

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusImmunogenicity, VaccineInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansMiceMice, Inbred BALB COrthomyxoviridae InfectionsSeasonsVaccine EfficacyAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza VaccinesimmunogenicityInfluenzainoculation routeseasonal influenza split HA vaccine for 2023/2024 season in Japanstrains of mice

Identifiers

PMID41131990
PMCPMC12773669

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.