ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Higher Circulating Testosterone Linked to Higher CAD Risk in Men: Mendelian Randomization and Survival Analyses.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease: The Enduring Myth.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextTestosterone supplementation is increasingly widespread and has well-established beneficial effects on sexual function and metabolic health. However, there remains uncertainty regarding associated cardiovascular risks.
objectiveHuman genetics studies demonstrated that Mendelian randomization approaches recapitulate the beneficial effects of testosterone therapy; here we apply this to cardiovascular disease.
designWe performed a Mendelian randomization study to assess the causal effect of higher circulating testosterone on coronary artery disease (CAD). We also tested the phenotypic association between measured circulating testosterone and CAD in the cohort of men aged 40 to 69. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsTestosterone genetic instrument data were derived from 425 097 European ancestry adults from the UK Biobank study and CAD from single nucleotide polymorphism-level summary statistics from 1 165 690 individuals in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): CAD as defined in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D was the main outcome. In longitudinal analyses, CAD was defined according to medical records and self-report.
resultsWe found that higher genetically predicted circulating testosterone conferred a higher risk of CAD in men [odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.27, P = 3.32 × 10-4]. There was no evidence of an effect in women (OR: 1.01, 95% CI 0.94-1.10, P = .73). The genetic association in men appeared to be mediated by higher blood pressure. In longitudinal observational analyses, a directionally opposite association was observed in men, likely arising due to confounding by type 2 diabetes and body mass index.
conclusionThese data suggest that increased testosterone may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and that this safety concern should be a focus in future clinical trials for testosterone supplementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.