ArticleBMC ophthalmology2025
Severe ROP rate and assessment of the burden of ROP screening at a single tertiary care public hospital in Pakistan.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Machine learning-based individualized prediction: risk assessment of retinopathy in preterm infants at high altitude.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTo assess the rate of severe ROP and the burden of examining preterm infants requiring ROP screening.
methodsA prospective study of all inborn preterm infants eligible for ROP screening admitted to Lahore General Hospital (LGH) between 2015 and 2021 with a gestational age (GA) of ≤ 35 weeks or a birthweight (BW) of ≤ 2000 g. All infants had a dilated fundus exam, and the number of examinations and level of ROP were recorded.
results3,521 infants met the screening criteria, 1,641 (46.7%) of whom were screened at least once. Among the 1880 (53.3%) not screened, 42.2% of eligible babies died and 11.2% were discharged and did not return for screening. Rates of any ROP, Type 1 ROP and more advanced ROP (stages 4 and 5) were 32.2%, 9.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the 170 infants with Type 1 and more advanced ROP (i.e. severe ROP) 45% had a GA of 30-35 weeks, 18.8% had a GA of ≥ 32 weeks, and 25% had a BW of > 1500 g. The average inpatient stay was 10.7 days, and nearly all infants required outpatient screening. The total number of examinations was 4,007 with an average of 2.4 per patient. DISCUSSION: The third epidemic of ROP has arrived in Pakistan. There is an urgent need to scale up screening and treatment. Effective screening programs in public hospitals can be established with current resources. Initial screening guidelines need to include at least a GA of ≤ 35 weeks. Most infants will require outpatient screening after discharge. Estimates of screening and treatment burden can be made from these data for similar institutions initiating ROP screening programs.
conclusionsEffective screening is achievable in public hospitals using existing resources, especially with committed staff. The < 35 weeks GA protocol is essential, and outpatient care must be integrated into program planning. Limitations include single-site data and lack of retinal imaging, but all examinations were conducted by experienced ophthalmologists.
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